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Alcon is a public company that produces ophthalmic products, such as contact lenses, surgical devices and pharmaceuticals. It was founded in 1945 in Texas, USA, and became a subsidiary of Novartis in 2010, before spinning off in 2019.
Allergan plc is an American, Irish-domiciled company that makes Botox and other products for medical aesthetics, eye care, and other areas. It was formed in 2015 by the merger of Allergan, Inc and Actavis, and is now owned by AbbVie.
Allergan, Inc. was an American pharmaceutical company that focused on eye care, neurosciences and other specialty markets. It was acquired by Actavis in 2015 and renamed Allergan plc, after facing a hostile takeover bid by Valeant.
The total cost to Novartis for the 77% stake in Alcon was $38.7 billion ($168 per share). In the deal's first phase, Novartis acquired a 25% stake in Alcon from Nestlé for $10.4 billion in July 2008.
Actavis is a global pharmaceutical company that was founded in 1984 in the US and merged with Allergan in 2015. It produces branded and generic drugs, biologics, and biosimilars in various therapeutic categories and markets.
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals is an American biotechnology company founded in 1988 and headquartered in Tarrytown, New York. It develops and commercializes drugs for various diseases, including COVID-19, and has collaborations with Sanofi and BARDA.
Novartis is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world, formed in 1996 by the merger of Ciba-Geigy and Sandoz. Ciba-Geigy was a result of the 1970 merger of two Swiss dye manufacturers, CIBA and Geigy, and had a history of producing chemicals, agrochemicals, and drugs.
A comprehensive list of independent companies and subsidiaries involved in human therapeutics, with their own Wikipedia articles. The list is alphabetical and includes both active and defunct firms, as well as their history, products and locations.