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Traumatic cardiac arrest ( TCA) is a condition in which the heart has ceased to beat due to blunt or penetrating trauma, such as a stab wound to the thoracic area. [1] It is a medical emergency which will always result in death without prompt advanced medical care. Even with prompt medical intervention, survival without neurological ...
Stab wounds occur four times more than gunshot wounds in the United Kingdom, but the mortality rate associated with stabbing has ranged from 0-4% as 85% of injuries sustained from stab wounds only affect subcutaneous tissue. In Belgium, most assaults resulting in a stab wound occur to and by men and persons of ethnic minorities.
Emergency medicine. A chest injury, also known as chest trauma, is any form of physical injury to the chest including the ribs, heart and lungs. Chest injuries account for 25% of all deaths from traumatic injury. [1] Typically chest injuries are caused by blunt mechanisms such as direct, indirect, compression, contusion, deceleration, or blasts ...
Pneumothorax. A pneumothorax is an abnormal collection of air in the pleural space between the lung and the chest wall. [3] Symptoms typically include sudden onset of sharp, one-sided chest pain and shortness of breath. [2] In a minority of cases, a one-way valve is formed by an area of damaged tissue, and the amount of air in the space between ...
Flail chest. A 3D reconstruction from a CT scan showing a flail chest. Arrows mark the rib fractures. Flail chest is a life-threatening medical condition that occurs when a segment of the rib cage breaks due to trauma and becomes detached from the rest of the chest wall. Two of the symptoms of flail chest are chest pain and shortness of breath.
Low-velocity penetration injuries are caused by sharp objects, such as stab wounds, while high-velocity penetration injuries are caused by ballistic projectiles, such as gunshot wounds or injuries caused by shell fragments. Perforated injuries result in an entry wound and an exit wound, while puncture wounds result only in an entry wound.
A resuscitative thoracotomy (sometimes referred to as an emergency department thoracotomy (EDT), trauma thoracotomy or, colloquially, as " cracking the chest ") is a thoracotomy performed to aid in the resuscitation of a major trauma patient who has sustained severe thoracic or abdominal trauma. [1] The procedure allows immediate direct access ...
Cardiac tamponade, also known as pericardial tamponade ( / ˌtæm.pəˈneɪd / [4] ), is a compression of the heart due to pericardial effusion (the build-up of pericardial fluid in the sac around the heart ). [2] Onset may be rapid or gradual. [2] Symptoms typically include those of obstructive shock including shortness of breath, weakness ...