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The most common fabrics found in ancient Roman clothing were wool, linen, and silk. Leather was only used for shoes and sandals, with the exception of military uniforms. Wool was produced in Italy, but linen and silk often came from the eastern parts of the empire.
Clothing in ancient Rome generally comprised a short-sleeved or sleeveless, knee-length tunic for men and boys, and a longer, usually sleeved tunic for women and girls.
The history of Roman dress is paralleled by that of Roman arts and architecture. They inherited many ideas from the Greeks, but, as the empire extended its borders and incorporated peoples of different customs, climates, and religions, matters of style became more complex.
Ancient Roman clothing started out as homespun wool garments, but over time, garments were produced by craftspeople and wool was supplemented with linen, cotton, and silk. Romans wore shoes or walked barefoot.
In this video, we explore the fascinating world of clothing in ancient Rome. From the basic tunica to the formal toga, we'll take a look at what people wore and how they used clothing to indicate social status and occupation.
From the functional tunics and togas to the intricate hairstyles and grooming habits, Roman attire and personal appearance offer a window into the values, priorities, and complexities of ancient Roman life, highlighting a society deeply invested in the symbols of status, identity, and fashion.
The toga was an item of clothing worn by men who were citizens of Rome. The toga consisted of a single length of wool cloth cut in a semicircle and wrapped around the body of the wearer without any fastenings.
The most iconic piece of Roman clothing, the toga virilis (toga), may have originated as a simple, practical working garment and blanket for peasants and herdsmen. Translating to ‘toga of manhood’, the toga was essentially a large woollen blanket that was draped over the body, leaving one arm free.
There are six main types of Roman togas, based on their coloration and design, each representing a specific status in Roman society. Toga Pura: Any citizen of Rome might wear the toga pura , a toga made of natural, undyed, whitish wool.
The late second and third centuries A.D. saw many new fashion styles appearing in Rome and certainly these were included in the imperial wardrobe. Severus Alexander is said to have worn white trousers (bracae) instead of the scarlet ones previously worn.