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In the terms of type theory, a class is an implementation—a concrete data structure and collection of subroutines—while a type is an interface. Different (concrete) classes can produce objects of the same (abstract) type (depending on type system). For example, the type (interface) Stack might be implemented by SmallStack that ...
Abstract data type. In computer science, an abstract data type ( ADT) is a mathematical model for data types, defined by its behavior ( semantics) from the point of view of a user of the data, specifically in terms of possible values, possible operations on data of this type, and the behavior of these operations.
Factory method pattern. In object oriented programming, the factory method pattern is a design pattern that uses factory methods to deal with the problem of creating objects without having to specify their exact class. Rather than by calling a constructor, this is done by calling a factory method to create an object.
In object-oriented programming such as is often used in C++ and Object Pascal, a virtual function or virtual method is an inheritable and overridable function or method that is dispatched dynamically. Virtual functions are an important part of (runtime) polymorphism in object-oriented programming (OOP). They allow for the execution of target ...
Decorator pattern. In object-oriented programming, the decorator pattern is a design pattern that allows behavior to be added to an individual object, dynamically, without affecting the behavior of other instances of the same class. [ 1] The decorator pattern is often useful for adhering to the Single Responsibility Principle, as it allows ...
Abstraction (computer science) In software engineering and computer science, abstraction is the process of generalizing concrete details, [ 1] such as attributes, away from the study of objects and systems to focus attention on details of greater importance. [ 2] Abstraction is a fundamental concept in computer science and software engineering ...
Abstract syntax tree. An abstract syntax tree ( AST) is a data structure used in computer science to represent the structure of a program or code snippet. It is a tree representation of the abstract syntactic structure of text (often source code) written in a formal language. Each node of the tree denotes a construct occurring in the text.
Metaclass. In object-oriented programming, a metaclass is a class whose instances are classes themselves. Unlike ordinary classes, which define the behaviors of objects, metaclasses specify the behaviors of classes and their instances. Not all object-oriented programming languages support the concept of metaclasses.