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Demographic statistics. Demographic statistics are measures of the characteristics of, or changes to, a population. Records of births, deaths, marriages, immigration and emigration and a regular census of population provide information that is key to making sound decisions about national policy. [1][2] A useful summary of such data is the ...
The Demography of the World Population from 1950 to 2100. Data source: United Nations — World Population Prospects 2017. Demography (from Ancient Greek δῆμος (dêmos) 'people, society' and -γραφία (-graphía) 'writing, drawing, description') [1] is the statistical study of human populations: their size, composition (e.g., ethnic group, age), and how they change through the ...
Statistics (from German: Statistik, orig. "description of a state, a country" [ 1 ]) is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. [ 2 ] In applying statistics to a scientific, industrial, or social problem, it is conventional to begin with a statistical population or a ...
As the number of discrete events increases, the function begins to resemble a normal distribution. Comparison of probability density functions, () for the sum of fair 6-sided dice to show their convergence to a normal distribution with increasing , in accordance to the central limit theorem. In the bottom-right graph, smoothed profiles of the ...
Unlike a probability, a probability density function can take on values greater than one; for example, the continuous uniform distribution on the interval [0, 1/2] has probability density f(x) = 2 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1/2 and f(x) = 0 elsewhere. The standard normal distribution has probability density. If a random variable X is given and its ...
For a population, of discrete values or for a continuous population density, the k-th q-quantile is the data value where the cumulative distribution function crosses k/q. That is, x is a k-th q-quantile for a variable X if Pr[X < x] ≤ k/q or, equivalently, Pr[X ≥ x] ≥ 1 − k/q. and Pr[X ≤ x] ≥ k/q.
Statistical model. A statistical model is a mathematical model that embodies a set of statistical assumptions concerning the generation of sample data (and similar data from a larger population). A statistical model represents, often in considerably idealized form, the data-generating process. [1] When referring specifically to probabilities ...
In frequentist statistics, the likelihood function is itself a statistic that summarizes a single sample from a population, whose calculated value depends on a choice of several parameters θ 1... θ p, where p is the count of parameters in some already-selected statistical model. The value of the likelihood serves as a figure of merit for the ...