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In a simple central processing unit (CPU), the PC is a digital counter (which is the origin of the term "program counter") that may be one of several hardware registers. The instruction cycle [ 7] begins with a fetch, in which the CPU places the value of the PC on the address bus to send it to the memory. The memory responds by sending the ...
A counter machine or counter automaton is an abstract machine used in a formal logic and theoretical computer science to model computation. It is the most primitive of the four types of register machines. A counter machine comprises a set of one or more unbounded registers, each of which can hold a single non-negative integer, and a list of ...
Control flow. v. t. e. In computer science, control flow (or flow of control) is the order in which individual statements, instructions or function calls of an imperative program are executed or evaluated. The emphasis on explicit control flow distinguishes an imperative programming language from a declarative programming language.
Low-level languages can convert to machine code without a compiler or interpreter—second-generation programming languages [5] [6] use a simpler processor called an assembler—and the resulting code runs directly on the processor. A program written in a low-level language can be made to run very quickly, with a small memory footprint.
List of programming languages. This is an index to notable programming languages, in current or historical use. Dialects of BASIC, esoteric programming languages, and markup languages are not included. A programming language does not need to be imperative or Turing-complete, but must be executable and so does not include markup languages such ...
The models in more detail 1954: Hermes' model. Shepherdson & Sturgis (1963) observe that "the proof of this universality [of digital computers to Turing machines] ... seems to have been first written down by Hermes, who showed in [7--their reference number] how an idealized computer could be programmed to duplicate the behavior of any Turing machine", and: "Kaphengst's approach is interesting ...
Return-oriented programming is an advanced version of a stack smashing attack. Generally, these types of attacks arise when an adversary manipulates the call stack by taking advantage of a bug in the program, often a buffer overrun. In a buffer overrun, a function that does not perform proper bounds checking before storing user-provided data ...
JavaScript. JavaScript ( / ˈdʒɑːvəskrɪpt / ), often abbreviated as JS, is a programming language and core technology of the Web, alongside HTML and CSS. 99% of websites use JavaScript on the client side for webpage behavior. [ 10] Web browsers have a dedicated JavaScript engine that executes the client code.