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D-dimer. D-dimer (or D dimer) is a dimer that is a fibrin degradation product (or FDP), a small protein fragment present in the blood after a blood clot is degraded by fibrinolysis. It is so named because it contains two D fragments of the fibrin protein joined by a cross-link, hence forming a protein dimer. [1]
Fibrin degradation product. Principles of D-dimer testing. Fibrin degradation products ( FDPs ), also known as fibrin split products, are components of the blood produced by clot degeneration. [1] Clotting, also called coagulation, at the wound site produces a mass of fibrin threads called a net that remains in place until the cut is healed.
Coagulation activation markers are biomarkers of net activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis. [1] [2] Examples include prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT), fibrinopeptide A (FpA), fibrin monomers (FMs), plasmin-α 2 -antiplasmin complex (PAP), activated protein C–protein C inhibitor (APC-PCI), and D-dimer ...
A D-dimer test can also be used to assist with excluding the diagnosis or to signal a need for further testing. Diagnosis is most commonly confirmed by ultrasound of the suspected veins. VTE becomes much more common with age. The condition is rare in children, but occurs in almost 1% of those ≥ age 85 annually.
A D-dimer (product of thrombi degradation) test can be specified separately. The rise of D-dimers concentration in the patient's blood states the possibility of the completed thrombosis. To obtain a complete picture of the work of hemostasis by a patient, the doctor should have a possibility to choose which test is necessary. [citation needed]
Pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolism ( PE) is a blockage of an artery in the lungs by a substance that has moved from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream ( embolism ). [6] Symptoms of a PE may include shortness of breath, chest pain particularly upon breathing in, and coughing up blood. [1]
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