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Cyclic redundancy check. A cyclic redundancy check ( CRC) is an error-detecting code commonly used in digital networks and storage devices to detect accidental changes to digital data. [1] [2] Blocks of data entering these systems get a short check value attached, based on the remainder of a polynomial division of their contents.
Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are a class of highly efficient linear block codes made from many single parity check (SPC) codes. They can provide performance very close to the channel capacity (the theoretical maximum) using an iterated soft-decision decoding approach, at linear time complexity in terms of their block length.
A USB-pluggable hardware true random number generator. In computing, a hardware random number generator (HRNG), true random number generator (TRNG), non-deterministic random bit generator (NRBG), or physical random number generator is a device that generates random numbers from a physical process capable of producing entropy (in other words, the device always has access to a physical entropy ...
USB-C plug. USB-C (SuperSpeed USB 5Gbps) receptacle on an MSI laptop. USB-C, or USB Type-C, is a 24-pin connector (not a protocol) that supersedes previous USB connectors and can carry audio, video and other data, e.g., to drive multiple displays or to store a backup to an external drive. It can also provide and receive power, such as powering ...
Codes with minimum Hamming distance d = 2 are degenerate cases of error-correcting codes and can be used to detect single errors. The parity bit is an example of a single-error-detecting code. The parity bit is an example of a single-error-detecting code.
The 5-bit format information is protected from errors with a BCH code, and two complete copies are included in each QR symbol. A (15,5) triple error-correcting BCH code over GF(2 4) is used, having the generator polynomial () = + + + + + +. It can correct at most 3 bit-errors out of the 5 data bits.
The W3C webpage on PNG includes an appendix with a short and simple table-driven implementation in C of CRC-32. You will note that the code corresponds to the lsbit-first byte-at-a-time pseudocode presented here, and the table is generated using the bit-at-a-time code. Using a 256-entry table is usually most convenient, but other sizes can be used.
The BCH code with and higher has the generator polynomial. This code has minimal Hamming distance 15 and corrects 7 errors. It has 1 data bit and 14 checksum bits. It is also denoted as: (15, 1) BCH code. In fact, this code has only two codewords: 000000000000000 and 111111111111111 (a trivial repetition code ).