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Cyclic redundancy check. A cyclic redundancy check ( CRC) is an error-detecting code commonly used in digital networks and storage devices to detect accidental changes to digital data. [1] [2] Blocks of data entering these systems get a short check value attached, based on the remainder of a polynomial division of their contents.
The W3C webpage on PNG includes an appendix with a short and simple table-driven implementation in C of CRC-32. You will note that the code corresponds to the lsbit-first byte-at-a-time pseudocode presented here, and the table is generated using the bit-at-a-time code. Using a 256-entry table is usually most convenient, but other sizes can be used.
USB-C plug. USB-C (SuperSpeed USB 5Gbps) receptacle on an MSI laptop. USB-C, or USB Type-C, is a 24-pin connector (not a protocol) that supersedes previous USB connectors and can carry audio, video and other data, e.g., to drive multiple displays or to store a backup to an external drive. It can also provide and receive power, such as powering ...
Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are a class of highly efficient linear block codes made from many single parity check (SPC) codes. They can provide performance very close to the channel capacity (the theoretical maximum) using an iterated soft-decision decoding approach, at linear time complexity in terms of their block length.
Codes with minimum Hamming distance d = 2 are degenerate cases of error-correcting codes and can be used to detect single errors. The parity bit is an example of a single-error-detecting code. The parity bit is an example of a single-error-detecting code.
Since most such codes correct only bit-flips, but not bit-insertions or bit-deletions, the Hamming distance metric is the appropriate way to measure the number of bit errors. Many FEC coders also continuously measure the current BER.
X.1.XXX Addressing Status. X.2.XXX Mailbox Status. X.3.XXX Mail System Status. X.4.XXX Network and Routing Status. X.5.XXX Mail Delivery Protocol Status. X.6.XXX Message Content or Media Status. X.7.XXX Security or Policy Status. The meaning of the "detail" field depends on the class and the subject, and are listed in RFC 3463 and RFC 5248 . A ...
An expansion of the 400 Bad Request response code, used when a client certificate is required but not provided. 497 HTTP Request Sent to HTTPS Port. An expansion of the 400 Bad Request response code, used when the client has made a HTTP request to a port listening for HTTPS requests. 499 Client Closed Request.