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— Brahma Sutra 1.1.1–1.1.5 Some examples of sutra texts in various schools of Hindu philosophy include Brahma Sutras (or Vedanta Sutra) – a Sanskrit text, composed by Badarayana, likely sometime between 200 BCE to 200 CE. The text contains 555 sutras in four chapters that summarize the philosophical and spiritual ideas in the Upanishads. It is one of the foundational texts of the ...
Vaisheshika ( IAST: Vaiśeṣika; / vaɪˈʃɛʃɪkə /; Sanskrit: वैशेषिक) is one of the six schools of Hindu philosophy from ancient India. In its early stages, the Vaiśeṣika was an independent philosophy with its own metaphysics, epistemology, logic, ethics, and soteriology. [ 1] Over time, the Vaiśeṣika system became ...
Nyaya (न्याय) is a Sanskrit word which means justice, equality for all being, specially a collection of general or universal rules. [ 1] In some contexts, it means model, axiom, plan, legal proceeding, judicial sentence, or judgment. Nyaya could also mean, "that which shows the way" tracing its Sanskrit etymology.
Other Indian philosophies. v. t. e. Vedanta ( / veɪˈdɑːntə /; Sanskrit: वेदान्त, IAST: Vedānta ), also known as Uttara Mīmāṃsā, is one of the six orthodox ( āstika) traditions of textual exegesis and Hindu philosophy. The word "Vedanta" means "conclusion of the Vedas ", and encompasses the ideas that emerged from, or ...
The theory of sphoṭa is associated with Bhartṛhari ( c. 5th century [ 1] ), an early figure in Indic linguistic theory, mentioned in the 670s by Chinese traveller Yijing. Bhartṛhari is the author of the Vākyapadīya (" [treatise] on words and sentences "). The work is divided into three books, the Brahma-kāṇḍa, (or Āgama-samuccaya ...
— Akṣapada Gautama in Nyaya Sutra The text is written in sutra genre. A sutra is a Sanskrit word that means "string, thread", and represents a condensed manual of knowledge of a specific field or school. Each sutra is any short rule, like a theorem distilled into few words or syllables, around which "teachings of ritual, philosophy, grammar or any field of knowledge" can be woven. Sutras ...
Mīmāṃsā (), also romanized Mimansa [16] or Mimamsa, [3] means "reflection, consideration, profound thought, investigation, examination, discussion" in Sanskrit. [17]It also refers to the "examination of the Vedic text" [17] and to a school of Hindu philosophy that is also known as Pūrva Mīmāṃsā ("prior" inquiry, also Karma-Mīmāṃsā), in contrast to Uttara Mīmāṃsā ...
Vishishta Advaita, meaning "non-duality with distinctions", is a non-dualistic philosophy that recognizes Brahman as the supreme reality while also acknowledging its multiplicity. This philosophy can be characterized as a form of qualified monism, attributive monism, or qualified non-dualism. It upholds the belief that all diversity ultimately ...