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Hard science and soft science are colloquial terms used to compare scientific fields on the basis of perceived methodological rigor, exactitude, and objectivity. [ 1][ 2][ 3] In general, the formal sciences and natural sciences are considered hard science, whereas the social sciences and other sciences are described as soft science. [ 4]
HSAB theory. HSAB is an acronym for "hard and soft (Lewis) acids and bases ". HSAB is widely used in chemistry for explaining the stability of compounds, reaction mechanisms and pathways. It assigns the terms 'hard' or 'soft', and 'acid' or 'base' to chemical species. 'Hard' applies to species which are small, have high charge states (the ...
Soft – the usefulness of a result degrades after its deadline, thereby degrading the system's quality of service. Thus, the goal of a hard real-time system is to ensure that all deadlines are met, but for soft real-time systems the goal becomes meeting a certain subset of deadlines in order to optimize some application-specific criteria. The ...
Goldman Sachs economists explored this conflict between the hard and soft data in a new research note titled: “Making Sense of Scary Survey Data.” “While contractionary soft data in January ...
Two types of polytomies are recognized, soft and hard polytomies. [3] [4]Soft polytomies are the result of insufficient phylogenetic information: though the lineages diverged at different times – meaning that some of these lineages are closer relatives than others, and the available data does not allow recognition of this.
Soft computing is an umbrella term used to describe types of algorithms that produce approximate solutions to unsolvable high-level problems in computer science. Typically, traditional hard-computing algorithms heavily rely on concrete data and mathematical models to produce solutions to problems. Soft computing was coined in the late 20th ...
Whereas a hard-decision decoder operates on data that take on a fixed set of possible values (typically 0 or 1 in a binary code), the inputs to a soft-decision decoder may take on a whole range of values in-between. This extra information indicates the reliability of each input data point, and is used to form better estimates of the original data.
The difference between a hard and soft real-time communication system is the consequences of incorrect operation. Safety-critical systems capable of causing catastrophic consequences upon a fault, such as aircraft fly-by-wire systems , are designated as hard real-time, whereas non-critical but ideally real-time systems, such as hotel ...