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Hypervolemia, leading to oedema, hypertension and weight gain (due to the kidneys being unable to filter the excess blood) [5] in extreme episodes; Tonic-clonic seizure [6] Behavioural changes, including fluid-seeking behaviour; patients have been known to seek fluids from any available source, such as toilets and shower rooms. [5] [7]
Maintenance therapy with antipsychotic drugs is clearly superior to placebo in preventing relapse but is associated with weight gain, movement disorders, and high dropout rates. [38] A 3-year trial following persons receiving maintenance therapy after an acute psychotic episode found that 33% obtained long-lasting symptom reduction, 13% ...
Typical antipsychotics have equal drop-out and symptom relapse rates to atypicals when used at low to moderate dosages. [122] There is a good response in 40–50%, a partial response in 30–40%, and treatment resistance (failure of symptoms to respond satisfactorily after six weeks to two or three different antipsychotics) in 20% of people. [123]
Asenapine. Asenapine, sold under the brand name Saphris among others, is an atypical antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia and acute mania associated with bipolar disorder as well as the medium to long-term management of bipolar disorder. [ 4][ 10]
Clozapine is a psychiatric medication and was the first atypical antipsychotic (also called second-generation antipsychotic) to be discovered. [6] It is primarily used to treat people with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder who have had an inadequate response to two other antipsychotics, or who have been unable to tolerate other drugs due to extrapyramidal side effects.
Specialty. Neurology. Extrapyramidal symptoms ( EPS) are symptoms that are archetypically associated with the extrapyramidal system of the brain's cerebral cortex. When such symptoms are caused by medications or other drugs, they are also known as extrapyramidal side effects ( EPSE ). The symptoms can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term).
15 per 100,000 per year (on neuroleptics) [ 1] Neuroleptic malignant syndrome ( NMS) is a rare [ 5][ 6] but life-threatening reaction that can occur in response to antipsychotic (neuroleptic) medications. [ 1] Symptoms include high fever, confusion, rigid muscles, variable blood pressure, sweating, and fast heart rate. [ 1]
According to a 2013 meta-analysis of the comparative efficacy and tolerability of 15 antipsychotic drugs it was the most prone of the 15 for causing extrapyramidal side effects. [26] With more than 6 months of use 14 percent of users gain weight. [38] Haloperidol may be neurotoxic. [39] Common (>1% incidence) Extrapyramidal side effects including: