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Ivory seal of Godwin, an unknown thegn – first half of eleventh century, British Museum. In later Anglo-Saxon England, a thegn ( pronounced / θeɪn /; Old English: þeġn) or thane [1] (or thayn in Shakespearean English) was an aristocrat who owned substantial land in one or more counties. Thanes ranked at the third level in lay society ...
Esquire. Gentleman, Gentlewoman. Ministerialis. Lord of the Manor. v. t. e. Thane ( / ˈθeɪn /; Scottish Gaelic: taidhn) [1] was the title given to a local royal official in medieval eastern Scotland, equivalent in rank to the son of an earl, [2] who was at the head of an administrative and socio-economic unit known as a thanedom or thanage.
Ceorl (churl, free tenant) Villein (serf) Cottar (cottager) Þēow (thrall, slave) v. t. e. Ealdorman ( / ˈɔːldərmən /, Old English pronunciation: [ˈæ͜ɑɫ.dorˌmɑn]) [1] was an office in the government of Anglo-Saxon England. During the 11th century, it evolved into the title of earl.
A churl ( Old High German karal ), in its earliest Old English (Anglo-Saxon) meaning, was simply "a man" or more particularly a "free man", [1] but the word soon came to mean "a non-servile peasant ", still spelled ċeorl (e), and denoting the lowest rank of freemen. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, it later came to mean the opposite ...
Each word in the pair is the antithesis of the other. A word may have more than one antonym. There are three categories of antonyms identified by the nature of the relationship between the opposed meanings. Gradable antonyms. A gradable antonym is one of a pair of words with opposite meanings where the two meanings lie on a continuous spectrum.
In ancient times, comitatus was an armed escort or retinue, especially in the context of Germanic warrior culture for a warband tied to a leader by an oath of fealty. The concept describes the relations between a lord and his retainers, or thanes (OE þegn); scholars generally consider it more of a literary trope rather than one of historical accuracy.
This list contains Germanic elements of the English language which have a close corresponding Latinate form. The correspondence is semantic—in most cases these words are not cognates, but in some cases they are doublets, i.e., ultimately derived from the same root, generally Proto-Indo-European, as in cow and beef, both ultimately from PIE ...
Abthain. Abthain (or abthane) is an English or Lowland Scots form of the middle- Latin word abthania ( Gaelic abdhaine ), meaning abbacy. The exact sense of the word being lost, it was presumed to denote some ancient dignity, the holder of which was called abthanus or abthane . William Forbes Skene [1] holds that the correct meaning of abthain ...