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2. Octal - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octal

   Octal ( base 8) is a numeral system with eight as the base . In the decimal system, each place is a power of ten. For example: In the octal system, each place is a power of eight. For example: By performing the calculation above in the familiar decimal system, we see why 112 in octal is equal to in decimal.

3. Pascal's calculator - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal's_calculator

   Pascal's calculator (also known as the arithmetic machine or Pascaline) is a mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642. Pascal was led to develop a calculator by the laborious arithmetical calculations required by his father's work as the supervisor of taxes in Rouen. [ 2] He designed the machine to add and subtract two numbers ...

4. Arithmetic - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic

   Arithmetic is an elementary branch of mathematics that studies numerical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. In a wider sense, it also includes exponentiation, extraction of roots, and taking logarithms . Arithmetic systems can be distinguished based on the type of numbers they operate on.

5. Hexadecimal - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexadecimal

   v. t. e. In mathematics and computing, the hexadecimal (also base-16 or simply hex) numeral system is a positional numeral system that represents numbers using a radix (base) of sixteen. Unlike the decimal system representing numbers using ten symbols, hexadecimal uses sixteen distinct symbols, most often the symbols "0"–"9" to represent ...

6. Quaternary numeral system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternary_numeral_system

   Quaternary / kwəˈtɜːrnəri / is a numeral system with four as its base. It uses the digits 0, 1, 2, and 3 to represent any real number. Conversion from binary is straightforward. Four is the largest number within the subitizing range and one of two numbers that is both a square and a highly composite number (the other being thirty-six ...

7. Positional notation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positional_notation

   Positional notation (or place-value notation, or positional numeral system) usually denotes the extension to any base of the Hindu–Arabic numeral system (or decimal system ). More generally, a positional system is a numeral system in which the contribution of a digit to the value of a number is the value of the digit multiplied by a factor ...

8. HP calculators - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP_calculators

   Computer science programmable calculator that could perform binary arithmetic, base-conversion (decimal, and binary, octal, and hexadecimal) and boolean-logic functions. HP-17B: 1988 Financial calculator superseding the 12C, with two-line display, alphanumerics and sophisticated Solve functions rather than step programming. Uses the Saturn chip ...

9. Radix - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radix

   In a positional numeral system, the radix ( pl.: radices) or base is the number of unique digits, including the digit zero, used to represent numbers. For example, for the decimal system (the most common system in use today) the radix is ten, because it uses the ten digits from 0 through 9. In any standard positional numeral system, a number is ...