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Pharyngitis is a type of inflammation caused by an upper respiratory tract infection. It may be classified as acute or chronic. Acute pharyngitis may be catarrhal, purulent, or ulcerative, depending on the causative agent and the immune capacity of the affected individual.
Streptococcal pharyngitis, also known as streptococcal sore throat ( strep throat ), is pharyngitis (an infection of the pharynx, the back of the throat) caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, a gram-positive, group A streptococcus. [10] [11] Common symptoms include fever, sore throat, red tonsils, and enlarged lymph nodes in the front of the neck.
An upper respiratory tract infection ( URTI) is an illness caused by an acute infection, which involves the upper respiratory tract, including the nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx or trachea. [3] [4] This commonly includes nasal obstruction, sore throat, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, otitis media, and the common cold.
The common cold or the cold is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the respiratory mucosa of the nose, throat, sinuses, and larynx. [6] [8] Signs and symptoms may appear in as little as two days after exposure to the virus. [6] These may include coughing, sore throat, runny nose, sneezing, headache ...
Sore throat. Pharyngitis —inflammation of the back of the throat—caused by a virus is the most common cause of a sore throat. Sore throat, also known as throat pain, is pain or irritation of the throat. [ 1] Usually, causes of sore throat include: viral infections. group A streptococcal infection (GAS) bacterial infection [ 2]
Viral infections cause 40 to 60% of cases of tonsillitis. [14] Many viruses can cause inflammation of the tonsils (and the rest of throat) including adenovirus , rhinovirus , coronavirus , influenza virus , parainfluenza virus , coxsackievirus , measles virus , Epstein-Barr virus , cytomegalovirus , respiratory syncytial virus , and herpes ...
Other viral causes include influenza A and B, measles, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). [5] Spasmodic croup is caused by the same group of viruses as acute laryngotracheitis, but lacks the usual signs of infection (such as fever, sore throat, and increased white blood cell count). [5]
Acute cases usually occur as part of a viral upper respiratory tract infection, [1] other infections and trauma such as from coughing are other causes. [1] Chronic cases may occur due to smoking, tuberculosis, allergies, acid reflux, rheumatoid arthritis, or sarcoidosis. [1] [3] The underlying mechanism involves irritation of the vocal cords. [2]
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