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Industrial relations or employment relations is the multidisciplinary academic field that studies the employment relationship; [ 1] that is, the complex interrelations between employers and employees, labor/trade unions, employer organizations, and the state . The newer name, "Employment Relations" is increasingly taking precedence because ...
More specifically in a North American and strictly modern context, labor relations is the study and practice of managing unionized employment situations. In academia, labor relations is frequently a sub-area within industrial relations, though scholars from many disciplines including economics, sociology, history, law, and political science ...
Trade. Business and economics portal. v. t. e. Human resources ( HR) is the set of people who make up the workforce of an organization, business sector, industry, or economy. [ 1][ 2] A narrower concept is human capital, the knowledge and skills which the individuals command. [ 3] Similar terms include manpower, labor, labor-power, or personnel .
Labour economics, or labor economics, seeks to understand the functioning and dynamics of the markets for wage labour. Labour is a commodity that is supplied by labourers, usually in exchange for a wage paid by demanding firms. [ 1][ 2] Because these labourers exist as parts of a social, institutional, or political system, labour economics must ...
Industrial sociology, until recently a crucial research area within the field of sociology of work, examines "the direction and implications of trends in technological change, globalization, labour markets, work organization, managerial practices and employment relations " to "the extent to which these trends are intimately related to changing ...
Sustainable development is an approach to growth and human development that aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. [ 1][ 2] The aim is to have a society where living conditions and resources meet human needs without undermining planetary integrity. [ 3][ 4 ...
Labour and the environment are two different concepts that can be linked as one. Labour is defined as a task that is performed, typically for an economic return. [ 1] Environment is defined as air, water, minerals, organisms, and all factors that contribute to ecology. [ 2] It is the gregarious and cultural pressures that builds the lives of ...
Social responsibility is an individual responsibility that involves a balance between the economy and the ecosystem one lives within, [ 3] and possible trade-offs between economic development, and the welfare of society and the environment. [ 4] Social responsibility pertains not only to business organizations but also to everyone whose actions ...