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Float voltage is the voltage at which a battery is maintained after being fully charged to maintain that capacity by compensating for self-discharge of the battery. [1] The voltage could be held constant for the entire duration of the cell's operation (such as in an automotive battery) or could be held for a particular phase of charging by the charger. [2] The appropriate float voltage varies ...
Trickle charging. Trickle charging means charging a fully charged battery at a rate equal to its self-discharge rate, thus enabling the battery to remain at its fully charged level; this state occurs almost exclusively when the battery is not loaded, as trickle charging will not keep a battery charged if current is being drawn by a load.
The i3 concept car was unveiled at the 2011 International Motor Show. [15] [16] This prototype had a 22 kWh (79 MJ) lithium-ion battery pack that delivered between 130 and 160 km (80 and 100 mi). The battery fully charged in about four hours with the 240-volt charging unit.
Battery management system. A battery management system ( BMS) is any electronic system that manages a rechargeable battery ( cell or battery pack) by facilitating the safe usage and a long life of the battery in practical scenarios while monitoring and estimating its various states (such as SoH, and SoC ), [1] calculating secondary data ...
To help express energy, computation over charge values in ampere-hour requires precise data of voltage: in a battery system, for example, accurate calculation of the energy delivered requires integration of the power delivered (product of instantaneous voltage and instantaneous current) over the discharge interval. [4] Generally, the battery voltage varies during discharge; an average value or ...
A battery charger, recharger, or simply charger, [1] [2] is a device that stores energy in an electric battery by running current through it. The charging protocol—how much voltage, current, for how long and what to do when charging is complete—depends on the size and type of the battery being charged. Some battery types have high tolerance ...
VRLA battery. A 12V VRLA battery, typically used in small uninterruptible power supplies and emergency lamps. A valve regulated lead–acid ( VRLA) battery, commonly known as a sealed lead–acid ( SLA) battery, [1] is a type of lead–acid battery characterized by a limited amount of electrolyte ("starved" electrolyte) absorbed in a plate ...
IUoU is a DIN -designation [1] (DIN 41773) for a lead-acid battery charging procedure that is also known as 3-stage charging, 3-phase charging, or 3-step charging. It consists of three phases (or stages), to be executed by a battery charger. The three phases are: I-phase (constant electric current ), Uo-phase (constant over- voltage ), and U-phase (constant voltage). The purpose is to fully ...