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The Enigma machine was a cipher device used by Nazi Germany and other countries to protect secret messages. Learn how it worked, how it was broken by Poland, France, and Britain, and how it influenced World War II.
A Caesar cipher is a simple encryption technique that shifts each letter in the plaintext by a fixed number of positions in the alphabet. Learn about its history, usage, examples, and variations, such as the Vigenère cipher and the ROT13 system.
Kryptos is a sculpture by Jim Sanborn at the CIA headquarters that contains four coded messages, three of which have been solved. The fourth message is one of the most famous unsolved codes in the world and has four clues provided by the artist.
A comprehensive list of notable constructed languages, divided into categories such as auxiliary, ritual, engineered, and artistic (including fictional) languages. Each entry has a name, ISO code, origin, creator, and description.
Steganography is the practice of representing information within another message or physical object, such that the presence of the concealed information would not be evident to an unsuspecting person's examination. Learn about the history, techniques, applications, and countermeasures of steganography in computing and other contexts.
Learn about the invention, development and applications of barcodes, a method of representing data in a visual, machine-readable form. Find out how barcodes evolved from linear to 2D, and how they are used in supermarkets, railroads and other industries.
An esoteric programming language is a language designed to test the boundaries of computer programming language design, as a proof of concept, as software art, or as a joke. Learn about the history, features, and examples of esoteric languages such as Brainfuck, Befunge, and Shakespeare.
Cryptography is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adversarial behavior. Learn about the core concepts, terminology, and history of cryptography, as well as its modern applications in computer science, information security, and digital media.