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Beaufort cipher. The Beaufort cipher, invented by some Giovanni Sestri in early 18th century but widely attributed to Sir Francis Beaufort, [1] is a substitution cipher similar to the Vigenère cipher, with a slightly modified enciphering mechanism and tableau. [2] Its most famous application was in a rotor-based cipher machine, the Hagelin M ...
Confusion in a symmetric cipher is obscuring the local correlation between the input ( plaintext ), and output ( ciphertext) by varying the application of the key to the data, while diffusion is hiding the plaintext statistics by spreading it over a larger area of ciphertext. [ 2] Although ciphers can be confusion-only ( substitution cipher ...
Alt + F8 then Arrow Keys / Alt +Right Mouse Button [ notes 11] Ctrl + x, then ^ vertically. Alt +] (snap window to right half of screen), Alt + [ (snap window to left half of screen) Keep window always on top. Ctrl + Alt + Esc (toggles on/off) Hide the focused window.
Autokey cipher. An autokey cipher (also known as the autoclave cipher) is a cipher that incorporates the message (the plaintext) into the key. The key is generated from the message in some automated fashion, sometimes by selecting certain letters from the text or, more commonly, by adding a short primer key to the front of the message.
A cryptogram is a type of puzzle that consists of a short piece of encrypted text. [ 1] Generally the cipher used to encrypt the text is simple enough that the cryptogram can be solved by hand. Substitution ciphers where each letter is replaced by a different letter or number are frequently used. To solve the puzzle, one must recover the ...
Ciphertext is also known as encrypted or encoded information because it contains a form of the original plaintext that is unreadable by a human or computer without the proper cipher to decrypt it. This process prevents the loss of sensitive information via hacking. Decryption, the inverse of encryption, is the process of turning ciphertext into ...
Classical cipher. In cryptography, a classical cipher is a type of cipher that was used historically but for the most part, has fallen into disuse. In contrast to modern cryptographic algorithms, most classical ciphers can be practically computed and solved by hand. However, they are also usually very simple to break with modern technology.
Running key cipher. In classical cryptography, the running key cipher is a type of polyalphabetic substitution cipher in which a text, typically from a book, is used to provide a very long keystream. The earliest description of such a cipher was given in 1892 by French mathematician Arthur Joseph Hermann (better known for founding Éditions ...