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A binary-to-text encoding is encoding of data in plain text. More precisely, it is an encoding of binary data in a sequence of printable characters . These encodings are necessary for transmission of data when the communication channel does not allow binary data (such as email or NNTP ) or is not 8-bit clean .
Geohash. The 6g cell and its sub-grid. Geohash is a public domain geocode system invented in 2008 by Gustavo Niemeyer [ 1] which encodes a geographic location into a short string of letters and digits. Similar ideas were introduced by G.M. Morton in 1966. [ 2] It is a hierarchical spatial data structure which subdivides space into buckets of ...
BLAKE is a cryptographic hash function based on Daniel J. Bernstein 's ChaCha stream cipher, but a permuted copy of the input block, XORed with round constants, is added before each ChaCha round. Like SHA-2, there are two variants differing in the word size. ChaCha operates on a 4×4 array of words. BLAKE repeatedly combines an 8-word hash ...
The first public collision was published on 23 February 2017. [ 2] SHA-1 is prone to length extension attacks. In cryptography, SHA-1 ( Secure Hash Algorithm 1) is a hash function which takes an input and produces a 160- bit (20- byte) hash value known as a message digest – typically rendered as 40 hexadecimal digits.
RIPEMD ( RIPE Message Digest) is a family of cryptographic hash functions developed in 1992 (the original RIPEMD) and 1996 (other variants). There are five functions in the family: RIPEMD, RIPEMD-128, RIPEMD-160, RIPEMD-256, and RIPEMD-320, of which RIPEMD-160 is the most common. [citation needed] The original RIPEMD, as well as RIPEMD-128, is ...
sha1sum is a computer program that calculates and verifies SHA-1 hashes. It is commonly used to verify the integrity of files. It (or a variant) is installed by default on most Linux distributions. Typically distributed alongside sha1sum are sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum and sha512sum, which use a specific SHA-2 hash function and b2sum, [ 1 ...
Snefru is a cryptographic hash function invented by Ralph Merkle in 1990 while working at Xerox PARC. [1] The function supports 128-bit and 256-bit output. It was named after the Egyptian Pharaoh Sneferu, continuing the tradition of the Khufu and Khafre block ciphers . The original design of Snefru was shown to be insecure by Eli Biham and Adi ...
The Secure Hash Algorithms are a family of cryptographic hash functions published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a U.S. Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS), including: SHA-0: A retronym applied to the original version of the 160-bit hash function published in 1993 under the name "SHA".