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Refrigerant. A refrigerant is a working fluid used in the refrigeration cycle of air conditioning systems and heat pumps where in most cases they undergo a repeated phase transition from a liquid to a gas and back again. Refrigerants are heavily regulated because of their toxicity and flammability and the contribution of CFC and HCFC ...
'Freon' is the brand name for the refrigerants R-12, R-13B1, R-22, R-410A, R-502, and R-503 manufactured by The Chemours Company, and so is not used to label all refrigerants of this type. They emit a strong smell similar to acetone . [ 2 ]
Cryogenics. Nitrogen is a liquid under −195.8 °C (77.3 K). This is a diagram of an infrared space telescope, that needs a cold mirror and instruments. One instrument needs to be even colder, and it has a cryocooler. The instrument is in region 1 and its cryocooler is in region 3 in a warmer region of the spacecraft (see MIRI (Mid-Infrared ...
According to ASHRAE standard 34, the R-number of a chemical refrigerant is assigned systematically according to its molecular structure and has between two and four digits. If there are carbon -carbon multiple bonds , there are four digits in all: the number of these bonds is the first digit and the number of carbon atoms minus one (C-1) is next.
Difluoromethane, also called difluoromethylene, HFC-32 Methylene Fluoride or R-32, is an organic compound of the dihalogenoalkane variety. It has the formula of CH 2 F 2. It is a colorless gas in the ambient atmosphere and is slightly soluble in water, with a high thermal stability. [ 2][failed verification] Due to the low melting and boiling ...
Vapor-compression uses a circulating liquid refrigerant as the medium which absorbs and removes heat from the space to be cooled and subsequently rejects that heat elsewhere. Figure 1 depicts a typical, single-stage vapor-compression system. All such systems have four components: a compressor, a condenser, a metering device or thermal expansion ...
Propane is a colorless, odorless gas. Ethyl mercaptan is added as a safety precaution as an odorant, [ 23] and is commonly called a "rotten egg" smell. [ 24] At normal pressure it liquifies below its boiling point at −42 °C and solidifies below its melting point at −187.7 °C.
Natural refrigerants are one of the potential options for replacement of HFCs, and are growing in usage and popularity as a result. The natural refrigerant industry is expected to have a compounded annual growth rate of 8.5% over the next 4 years, [ 10] and is expected to become a US$2.88 billion industry by 2027. [ 2]