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Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. [1] It is a physical science within the natural sciences that studies the chemical elements that make up matter and compounds made of atoms, molecules and ions: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during reactions with other substances.
The four most common elements in living organisms – carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen – may be remembered with the acronym CHON . To remember the elements necessary for agriculture; C arbon, H ydrogen, Ca lcium, Iron ( Fe ), Magnesium ( Mg ), Manganese ( Mn ), Copper ( Cu ), Mo lybdenum, Chlorine ( Cl ), B oron.
The heaviest known group 12 element, copernicium, was first created on February 9, 1996, at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany, by Sigurd Hofmann, Victor Ninov et al. [61] It was then officially named by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) after Nicolaus Copernicus on February 19 ...
Aldehyde structure. In organic chemistry, an aldehyde (/ ˈ æ l d ɪ h aɪ d /) is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure R−CH=O. [1] The functional group itself (without the "R" side chain) can be referred to as an aldehyde but can also be classified as a formyl group.
Chemical kinetics. Chemical kinetics, also known as reaction kinetics, is the branch of physical chemistry that is concerned with understanding the rates of chemical reactions. It is different from chemical thermodynamics, which deals with the direction in which a reaction occurs but in itself tells nothing about its rate.
Children mix chemicals in test tubes as part of a hands-on chemistry education program in Samara, Russia. Chemistry education (or chemical education) is the study of teaching and learning chemistry. It is one subset of STEM education or discipline-based education research (DBER). [1] Topics in chemistry education include understanding how ...
The side chains are: an ethyl- at carbon 4, an ethyl- at carbon 8, and a butyl- at carbon 12. Note: the −O−CH 3 at carbon atom 15 is not a side chain, but it is a methoxy functional group. There are two ethyl- groups. They are combined to create, 4,8-diethyl. The side chains are grouped like this: 12-butyl-4,8-diethyl.
Resonance (chemistry) Contributing structures of the carbonate ion. In chemistry, resonance, also called mesomerism, is a way of describing bonding in certain molecules or polyatomic ions by the combination of several contributing structures (or forms, [ 1] also variously known as resonance structures or canonical structures) into a resonance ...