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Historical geology. Historical geology or palaeogeology is a discipline that uses the principles and methods of geology to reconstruct the geological history of Earth. [ 1] Historical geology examines the vastness of geologic time, measured in billions of years, and investigates changes in the Earth, gradual and sudden, over this deep time.
The geological history of the Earth follows the major geological events in Earth's past based on the geological time scale, a system of chronological measurement based on the study of the planet's rock layers ( stratigraphy ). Earth formed about 4.54 billion years ago by accretion from the solar nebula, a disk-shaped mass of dust and gas left ...
There followed a period of 20 years during which the theory of continental drift developed from being believed by a few to being the cornerstone of modern geology. Beginning in 1947 research provided new evidence about the ocean floor, and in 1960 Bruce C. Heezen published the concept of mid-ocean ridges.
Geologic Calendar. The Geologic Calendar is a scale in which the geological timespan of the Earth is mapped onto a calendrical year; that is to say, the day one of the Earth took place on a geologic January 1 at precisely midnight, and today's date and time is December 31 at midnight. [1] On this calendar, the inferred appearance of the first ...
Annals of the Former World is a book on geology written by John McPhee and published in 1998 by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. [1] It won the 1999 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction. [2] The book presents a geological history of North America, and was researched and written over
1743 – Dr Christopher Packe produces a geological map of south-east England. 1746 – Jean-Étienne Guettard presents the first mineralogical map of France to the French Academy of Sciences. 1760 – John Michell suggests earthquakes are caused by one layer of rocks rubbing against another. 1776 – James Keir suggests that some rocks, such ...
Earth's crustal evolution. Surface map of oceanic crust showing the generation of younger (red) crust and eventual destruction of older (blue) crust. This demonstrates the crustal spatial evolution at the Earth's surface dictated by plate tectonics. Earth's crustal evolution involves the formation, destruction and renewal of the rocky outer ...
Online archive. The Geological Society of America Bulletin (until 1960 called The Bulletin of the Geological Society of America and also commonly referred to as GSA Bulletin) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that has been published by the Geological Society of America since 1890. [1] Its first editor was William John McGee. [2]