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t. e. In translation, Realia (plural noun) are words and expressions for culture-specific material elements. The word realia comes from medieval Latin, in which it originally meant "the real things", i.e. material things, as opposed to abstract ones. The Bulgarian translators Vlahov and Florin, who were the first to carry out an in-depth study ...
Opposite (semantics) In lexical semantics, opposites are words lying in an inherently incompatible binary relationship. For example, something that is male entails that it is not female. It is referred to as a 'binary' relationship because there are two members in a set of opposites. The relationship between opposites is known as opposition.
Synonym. A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means precisely or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. [ 2] For example, in the English language, the words begin, start, commence, and initiate are all synonyms of one another: they are synonymous. The standard test for synonymy is substitution: one ...
Cognate. In historical linguistics, cognates or lexical cognates are sets of words that have been inherited in direct descent from an etymological ancestor in a common parent language. [1] Because language change can have radical effects on both the sound and the meaning of a word, cognates may not be obvious, and it often takes rigorous study ...
from Hindi and Urdu: An acknowledged leader in a field, from the Mughal rulers of India like Akbar and Shah Jahan, the builder of the Taj Mahal. Maharaja. from Hindi and Sanskrit: A great king. Mantra. from Hindi and Sanskrit: a word or phrase used in meditation. Masala. from Urdu, to refer to Indian flavoured spices.
Encyclopedia. An encyclopedia ( American English) or encyclopaedia ( British English) [1] is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge, either general or special, in a particular field or discipline. [2] [3] Encyclopedias are divided into articles or entries that are arranged alphabetically by article name [4] or by ...
An idiom is a common word or phrase with a figurative, non-literal meaning that is understood culturally and differs from what its composite words' denotations would suggest; i.e. the words together have a meaning that is different from the dictionary definitions of the individual words (although some idioms do retain their literal meanings – see the example "kick the bucket" below).
Langenscheidt dictionaries in various languages. A multi-volume Latin dictionary by Egidio Forcellini. Dictionary definition entries. A dictionary is a listing of lexemes from the lexicon of one or more specific languages, often arranged alphabetically (or by consonantal root for Semitic languages or radical and stroke for logographic languages ...