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File descriptor. In Unix and Unix-like computer operating systems, a file descriptor ( FD, less frequently fildes) is a process-unique identifier ( handle) for a file or other input/output resource, such as a pipe or network socket. File descriptors typically have non-negative integer values, with negative values being reserved to indicate "no ...
The tz database partitions the world into regions where local clocks all show the same time. This map was made by combining version 2023d with OpenStreetMap data, using open source software. [ 1] This is a list of time zones from release 2024a of the tz database. [ 2]
Process (computing) In computing, a process is the instance of a computer program that is being executed by one or many threads. There are many different process models, some of which are light weight, but almost all processes (even entire virtual machines) are rooted in an operating system (OS) process which comprises the program code ...
cron. The cron command-line utility is a job scheduler on Unix-like operating systems. Users who set up and maintain software environments use cron to schedule jobs [ 1] (commands or shell scripts ), also known as cron jobs, [ 2][ 3] to run periodically at fixed times, dates, or intervals. [ 4]
The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard ( FHS) is a reference describing the conventions used for the layout of Unix-like systems. It has been made popular by its use in Linux distributions, but it is used by other Unix-like systems as well. [ 1] It is maintained by the Linux Foundation. The latest version is 3.0, released on 3 June 2015.
This is a list of POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface) commands as specified by IEEE Std 1003.1-2024, which is part of the Single UNIX Specification (SUS). These commands can be found on Unix operating systems and most Unix-like operating systems. This is not a comprehensive list of all utilities that existed in the various historic Unix ...
The original Unix file system supported three types of files: ordinary files, directories, and "special files", also termed device files. [ 1] The Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) and System V each added a file type to be used for interprocess communication: BSD added sockets, [ 3] while System V added FIFO files .
The page table is a key component of virtual address translation that is necessary to access data in memory. The page table is set up by the computer's operating system, and may be read and written during the virtual address translation process by the memory management unit or by low-level system software or firmware.