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A June 2020 systematic review reported a 27–35% prevalence of fatigue, 14–19% for muscle pain, 10–14% for sore throat. [2] As of July 2020, the ECDC reported a prevalence rate of ~63% for muscle weakness , ~63% for muscle pain , and ~53% for sore throat. [5]
Viscous lidocaine relieves pain by numbing the mucous membranes. [33] Antibiotics are useful if a bacterial infection is the cause of the sore throat. [34] [35] For viral infections, antibiotics have no effect. In the United States, they are used in 25% of people before a bacterial infection has been detected.
Sore throat. Pharyngitis —inflammation of the back of the throat—caused by a virus is the most common cause of a sore throat. Sore throat, also known as throat pain, is pain or irritation of the throat. [ 1] Usually, causes of sore throat include: viral infections. group A streptococcal infection (GAS) bacterial infection [ 2]
How viral infections cause ME/CFS is unclear; it could be via viral persistence or via a "hit and run" mechanism, in which infections dysregulate the immune system or cause autoimmunity. [35] Different types of viral infection have been implicated in ME/CFS, including airway infections, bronchitis, gastroenteritis, or an acute "flu-like illness".
An upper respiratory tract infection ( URTI) is an illness caused by an acute infection, which involves the upper respiratory tract, including the nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx or trachea. [3] [4] This commonly includes nasal obstruction, sore throat, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, otitis media, and the common cold.
Kawasaki disease (also known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome) is a syndrome of unknown cause that results in a fever and mainly affects children under 5 years of age. [ 6] It is a form of vasculitis, where medium-sized blood vessels become inflamed throughout the body. [ 1]
Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rapid-onset muscle weakness caused by the immune system damaging the peripheral nervous system. [3] Typically, both sides of the body are involved, and the initial symptoms are changes in sensation or pain often in the back along with muscle weakness, beginning in the feet and hands, often spreading to the arms and upper body. [3]
Symptoms may include sore throat, fever, enlargement of the tonsils, trouble swallowing, and enlarged lymph nodes around the neck. [1] [2] Complications include peritonsillar abscess (quinsy). [1] [3] Tonsillitis is most commonly caused by a viral infection and about 5% to 40% of cases are caused by a bacterial infection.
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