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In science and engineering, the parts-per notation is a set of pseudo-units to describe small values of miscellaneous dimensionless quantities, e.g. mole fraction or mass fraction. Since these fractions are quantity-per-quantity measures, they are pure numbers with no associated units of measurement. Commonly used are parts-per-million ( ppm ...
Thus, this could in certain circumstances be the case for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis after inhalational exposure: such a glomerulopathy with noteworthy proteinuria has been described [24] in patients with very high urinary ochratoxin levels (around 10 times levels that can be met with in "normal" subjects, i.e. around 10 ppb or 10 ng/ml).
Vitamin D toxicity. Cholecalciferol (shown above) and ergocalciferol are the two major forms of vitamin D. Specialty. Endocrinology, toxicology. Vitamin D toxicity, or hypervitaminosis D, is the toxic state of an excess of vitamin D. The normal range for blood concentration in adults is 20 to 50 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL).
Total organic carbon ( TOC) is an analytical parameter representing the concentration of organic carbon in a sample. TOC determinations are made in a variety of application areas. For example, TOC may be used as a non-specific indicator of water quality, or TOC of source rock may be used as one factor in evaluating a petroleum play. [ 1]
t. e. Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry ...
Polychlorinated dibenzo -p- dioxins (PCDDs), or simply dioxins. PCDDs are derivatives of dibenzo -p- dioxin. There are 75 PCDD congeners, differing in the number and location of chlorine atoms, and 7 of them are specifically toxic, the most toxic being 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD). Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), or furans.
China has set a standard for arsenic limits in food (150 ppb), [32] as levels in rice exceed those in water. [33] The European Commission (2000) reports that levels of arsenic in air range 0–1 ng/m 3 in remote areas, 0.2–1.5 ng/m 3 in rural areas, 0.5–3 ng/m 3 in urban areas, and up to about 50 ng/m 3 in the vicinity of industrial sites ...
Typical background concentrations of arsenic do not exceed 3 ng/m 3 in the atmosphere; 100 mg/kg in soil; 400 μg/kg in vegetation; 10 μg/L in freshwater and 1.5 μg/L in seawater. [44] Arsenic is the 22nd most abundant element in seawater [ 45 ] and ranks 41st in abundance in the universe.