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Signs and symptoms of ACEi and ARB use during pregnancy include kidney damage or failure, oligohydramnios, anuria, joint contractures, and hypoplasia of the skull. Common, alternative agents for high blood pressure in pregnant women include anti-adrenergic and beta-blocking medications, such as methyldopa or metoprolol, respectively.
Opioid use during pregnancy can have significant implications for both the mother and the developing fetus. Opioids are a class of drugs that include prescription painkillers (e.g., oxycodone, hydrocodone) and illicit substances like heroin. Opioid use during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of complications, including an elevated ...
Prenatal cocaine exposure. Prenatal cocaine exposure ( PCE ), theorized in the 1970s, occurs when a pregnant woman uses cocaine including crack cocaine and thereby exposes her fetus to the drug. Babies whose mothers used cocaine while pregnant supposedly have increased risk of several different health issues during growth and development.
Neonatal withdrawal or neonatal abstinence syndrome ( NAS) or neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) is a withdrawal syndrome of infants, caused by the cessation of the administration of licit or illicit drugs. Tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal may occur as a result of repeated administration of drugs or even after short-term high-dose ...
Exposure to recreational drugs. Alcohol: Use during pregnancy can cause fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. [68] Tobacco use: During pregnancy, causes twice the risk of premature rupture of membranes, placental abruption and placenta previa. [69] Also, it increases the odds of the baby being born prematurely by 30%. [70]
HIV in pregnancy is the presence of an HIV/AIDS infection in a woman while she is pregnant. There is a risk of HIV transmission from mother to child in three primary situations: pregnancy, childbirth, and while breastfeeding. This topic is important because the risk of viral transmission can be significantly reduced with appropriate medical ...
Frequency. ~8% of term pregnancies, [ 2] ~30% of preterm pregnancies [ 4] Prelabor rupture of membranes ( PROM ), previously known as premature rupture of membranes, is breakage of the amniotic sac before the onset of labour. [ 2] Women usually experience a painless gush or a steady leakage of fluid from the vagina. [ 1]
The role of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in female fertility has long been suspected and studied. [3] Most studies through 2013 linking development of the fetus and cannabis show effects of consumption during the gestational period, but abnormalities in the endocannabinoid system during the phase of placental development are also linked with problems in pregnancy. [4]