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Article indices. v. t. e. In microeconomics, economies of scale are the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to their scale of operation, and are typically measured by the amount of output produced per unit of time. A decrease in cost per unit of output enables an increase in scale that is, increased production with lowered cost. [1]
v. t. e. In economics, specifically general equilibrium theory, a perfect market, also known as an atomistic market, is defined by several idealizing conditions, collectively called perfect competition, or atomistic competition. In theoretical models where conditions of perfect competition hold, it has been demonstrated that a market will reach ...
Illustration of the bullwhip effect: the final customer places an order (whip), which increasingly distorts interpretations of demand as one proceeds upstream along the supply chain. The bullwhip effect is a supply chain phenomenon where orders to suppliers tend to have a larger variability than sales to buyers, which results in an amplified ...
The utilized amounts of the various inputs determine the quantity of output according to the relationship called the production function. There are four basic resources or factors of production: land, labour, capital and entrepreneur (or enterprise). [1] The factors are also frequently labeled " producer goods or services " to distinguish them ...
t. e. In economics, market power refers to the ability of a firm to influence the price at which it sells a product or service by manipulating either the supply or demand of the product or service to increase economic profit. [1] In other words, market power occurs if a firm does not face a perfectly elastic demand curve and can set its price ...
v. t. e. Economic growth can be defined as the increase or improvement in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy in a financial year. [1] Statisticians conventionally measure such growth as the percent rate of increase in the real and nominal gross domestic product (GDP).
t. e. One of the major subfields of urban economics, economies of agglomeration (or agglomeration effects), explain, in broad terms, how urban agglomeration occurs in locations where cost savings can naturally arise. [1] This term is most often discussed in terms of economic firm productivity. However, agglomeration effects also explain some ...
Localization and Urbanization Economies are two types of external economies of scale, or agglomeration economies. External economies of scale result from an increase in the productivity of an entire industry, region, or economy due to factors outside of an individual company. There are three sources of external economies of scale: input sharing ...