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The Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 ( GPRA) ( Pub. L. 103–62) is a United States law enacted in 1993, [1] one of a series of laws designed to improve government performance management. The GPRA requires agencies to engage in performance management tasks such as setting goals, measuring results, and reporting their progress.
Public budgeting. Public budgeting is a field of public administration and a discipline in the academic study of public administration. Budgeting is characterized by its approaches, functions, formation, and type. Authors Robert W. Smith and Thomas D. Lynch describe public budgeting through four perspectives: incrementalism, comprehensive ...
The United States budget process is the framework used by Congress and the President of the United States to formulate and create the United States federal budget. The process was established by the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, [1] the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974, [2] and additional budget legislation.
Operating budget. The operating budget contains the revenue and expenditure generated from the daily business functions of the company. [1] [2] It concentrates on the operating expenditures — the cost of goods sold, the cost of direct labour and direct materials that are tied to production; as well as the overhead and administration costs ...
e. An operating expense [a] is an ongoing cost for running a product, business, or system. [1] Its counterpart, a capital expenditure (capex), is the cost of developing or providing non-consumable parts for the product or system. For example, the purchase of a photocopier involves capex, and the annual paper, toner, power and maintenance costs ...
Performance-based budgeting. Performance-based budgeting is the practice of developing budgets based on the relationship between program funding levels and expected results from that program. The performance-based budgeting process is a tool that program administrators use to manage budget outlays more cost-efficiently and effectively.
An operational plan describes the specific steps in any given strategic planning model and explains how and what portion of resources will be put into operation during a given operational period: in the case of commercial- or government budget balance, a fiscal year. An operational plan is the basis for, and justification of, an annual ...
Sales and operations planning. Sales and operations planning ( S&OP) is an integrated business management process through which the executive/leadership team continually achieves focus, alignment, and synchronization among all organization functions. The S&OP process includes an updated forecast that leads to a sales plan, production plan ...
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