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Property Tax Circuit Breaker. A Property Tax Circuit Breaker is a tax refund in the United States given to low income individuals and families whose property tax liability is a large percentage of their yearly income. The term was coined by John Shannon of the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations in the 1960s.
Captain A. R. Bradshaw, senior naval officer at BP and in overall charge of administration of BP [7] Charles Brasch: Italian section, in Elmers School building and London. New Zealand poet. Hilary Brett or Brett-Smith, from Somerville College, Oxford, cryptologist, Hut 8 (Lady Hinsley) [8] Lord Asa Briggs, member of the Watch in Hut 6 (historian)
Testery. The Testery was a section at Bletchley Park, the British codebreaking station during World War II. It was set up in July 1942 as the "FISH Subsection" [1] under Major Ralph Tester, hence its alternative name. [2] Four founder members were Tester himself and three senior cryptanalysts were Captain Jerry Roberts, Captain Peter Ericsson ...
Captain Raymond C. "Jerry" Roberts MBE (18 November 1920 – 25 March 2014) was a British wartime codebreaker and businessman. During the Second World War, Roberts worked at the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park from 1941 to 1945. He was a leading codebreaker and linguist, who worked on the Lorenz cipher system ...
Ultra was the designation adopted by British military intelligence in June 1941 for wartime signals intelligence obtained by breaking high-level encrypted enemy radio and teleprinter communications at the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park. [1] Ultra eventually became the standard designation among the western Allies ...
Codebreaking at Bletchley Park. Margaret Alice Rock (7 July 1903 – 26 August 1983) was one of the women mathematicians who worked in Bletchley Park during World War II. [1] With her maths skills and education, Rock was able to decrypt messages encrypted by the Enigma machine used by the German Army. Her work during the war was classified by ...
John William Jamieson Herivel (29 August 1918 – 18 January 2011) [1] was a British science historian and World War II codebreaker at Bletchley Park. [2] As a codebreaker concerned with Cryptanalysis of the Enigma, Herivel is remembered chiefly for the discovery of what was soon dubbed the Herivel tip or Herivelismus.
Mavis Batey. Mavis Lilian Batey, MBE (née Lever; 5 May 1921 – 12 November 2013), was a British code-breaker during World War II. She was one of the leading female codebreakers at Bletchley Park. [1] She later became a historian of gardening, who campaigned to save historic parks and gardens, and an author. [2]