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The type of PFAS remediation technology selected is often a reflection of the PFAS contamination levels and the PFAS signature (i.e. the combination of short and long chain PFAS substances present) in conjunction with the site specific water chemistry and cross contaminants present in the liquid stream.
Applications. Trifluoroacetic acid is a widely employed acid, used for example in the synthesis of peptides.Its esters are useful in analytical chemistry. Longer-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, e.g. with five to nine carbons, are useful fluorosurfactants and emulsifiers used in the production of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) and related fluoropolymers.
Effects of exposure to PFASs on human health Short-chain PFASs, such as perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS), have been found to be highly toxic, despite claims to the contrary by the chemical industry. In many cases where long-chain PFAS were phased out, they were replaced with toxic short-chain PFAS.
t. e. In biochemistry and nutrition, a polyunsaturated fat is a fat that contains a polyunsaturated fatty acid (abbreviated PUFA ), which is a subclass of fatty acid characterized by a backbone with two or more carbon–carbon double bonds. [1] [2] Some polyunsaturated fatty acids are essentials. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are precursors to ...
Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid ( PFHxS) ( conjugate base perfluorohexanesulfonate) is a synthetic chemical compound. It is one of many compounds collectively known as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). It is an anionic fluorosurfactant and a persistent organic pollutant with bioaccumulative properties.
This timeline of events related to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) includes events related to the discovery, development, manufacture, marketing, uses, concerns, litigation, regulation, and legislation, involving the human-made PFASs. The timeline focuses on some perfluorinated compounds, particularly perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA ...
Short-chain fatty acid. Short-chain fatty acids ( SCFAs) are fatty acids of two to six carbon atoms. [1] The SCFAs' lower limit is interpreted differently, either with one, two, three or four carbon atoms. [citation needed] Derived from intestinal microbial fermentation of indigestible foods, SCFAs in human gut are acetic, propionic and butyric ...
Perfluorooctanoic acid ( PFOA; conjugate base perfluorooctanoate; also known colloquially as C8, for its 8-carbon chain structure) is a perfluorinated carboxylic acid produced and used worldwide as an industrial surfactant in chemical processes and as a material feedstock. PFOA is considered a surfactant, or fluorosurfactant, due to its ...