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Tap code, also called knock code, is a simple method of communicating letters using a 5x5 grid of letters. It is often used by prisoners to send messages to each other, and has a history dating back to ancient Greece.
Learn about the history, variations and insecurity of the pigpen cipher, a geometric simple substitution cipher that uses symbols in a grid. The cipher is also known as the masonic cipher, Rosicrucian cipher, Napoleon cipher and tic-tac-toe cipher.
A Caesar cipher is a simple encryption technique that shifts each letter in the plaintext by a fixed number of positions in the alphabet. Learn about its history, usage, examples, and variations, such as the Vigenère cipher and the ROT13 system.
Bacon's cipher is a steganographic method of encoding a message in the presentation of text, using two typefaces or a binary code. Learn how it works, see examples and explore its connection to Francis Bacon and Shakespeare.
Cryptography is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adversarial behavior. Learn about the core concepts, terminology, and history of cryptography, as well as its modern applications in computer science, information security, and digital media.
Moon type is a system of embossed symbols derived from the Latin script, developed by William Moon in 1845. It is used by some blind people who have difficulty with braille, and has been applied to various languages, including Ningbo and Mandarin.
The Enigma machine was a cipher device used by Nazi Germany and other countries to protect secret messages. Learn how it worked, how it was broken by Poland, France, and Britain, and how it influenced World War II.
Learn how to use the alphabet to send encrypted codes with the Alphabet Cipher, a polyalphabetic cipher invented by Lewis Carroll in 1868. See an example of how to encode and decode a message using a key-word.