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Falls and sports are also frequent mechanisms of abdominal injury in children. [4] Abdominal injury may result from child abuse and is the second leading cause of child abuse-related death, after traumatic brain injury. [6] Gunshot wounds, which are higher energy than stab wounds, are usually more damaging than the latter. [10]
Stab wounds occur four times more than gunshot wounds in the United Kingdom, but the mortality rate associated with stabbing has ranged from 0-4% as 85% of injuries sustained from stab wounds only affect subcutaneous tissue. [7] [9] [27] In Belgium, most assaults resulting in a stab wound occur to and by men and persons of ethnic minorities. [28]
Symptoms of gastrointestinal perforation commonly include severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. [2] Complications include a painful inflammation of the inner lining of the abdominal wall and sepsis. Perforation may be caused by trauma, bowel obstruction, diverticulitis, stomach ulcers, cancer, or infection. [2]
Penetrating trauma has been reported to cause 12.3–20% of cases, but it has also been proposed as a more common cause than blunt trauma; discrepancies could be due to varying regional, social, and economic factors in the areas studied. [8] Stab and gunshot wounds can cause diaphragmatic injuries. [6]
Penetrating trauma is an open wound injury that occurs when an object pierces the skin and enters a tissue of the body, creating a deep but relatively narrow entry wound. In contrast, a blunt or non-penetrating trauma may have some deep damage, but the overlying skin is not necessarily broken and the wound is still closed to the outside ...
Given its anterior position in the abdominal cavity and its large size, the liver is prone to gun shot wounds and stab wounds. [2] Its firm location under the diaphragm also makes it especially prone to shearing forces. [1] Common causes of this type of injury are blunt force mechanisms such as motor vehicle accidents, falls, and sports injuries.
Kidney injuries typically cause blood in the urine. [32] Due to its location in the body, pancreatic injury is relatively uncommon but more difficult to diagnose. Most injuries to the pancreas are caused by penetrative trauma, such as gunshot wounds and stab wounds. Pancreatic injuries occur in under 5% of blunt abdominal trauma cases.
Retroperitoneal bleeds are most often caused by major trauma, such as from a traffic collisions or a fall. [3] Less common non-traumatic causes including: anticoagulation. [3] [4] [5] a ruptured aortic aneurysm. [5] a ruptured renal aneurysm. [6] acute pancreatitis. [citation needed] malignancy. [7]