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Industrial relations or employment relations is the multidisciplinary academic field that studies the employment relationship; [ 1] that is, the complex interrelations between employers and employees, labor/trade unions, employer organizations, and the state . The newer name, "Employment Relations" is increasingly taking precedence because ...
Social exchange theory is a sociological and psychological theory that studies the social behavior in the interaction of two parties that implement a cost-benefit analysis to determine risks and benefits. The theory also involves economic relationships—the cost-benefit analysis occurs when each party has goods that the other parties value. [ 1]
Illustration of Industry 4.0, showing the four "industrial revolutions" with a brief English description. Industrial sociology, until recently a crucial research area within the field of sociology of work, examines "the direction and implications of trends in technological change, globalization, labour markets, work organization, managerial practices and employment relations" to "the extent to ...
Labour economics, or labor economics, seeks to understand the functioning and dynamics of the markets for wage labour. Labour is a commodity that is supplied by labourers, usually in exchange for a wage paid by demanding firms. [ 1][ 2] Because these labourers exist as parts of a social, institutional, or political system, labour economics must ...
Sociology of leisure is the study of how humans organize their free time. Leisure includes a broad array of activities, such as sport, tourism, and the playing of games. The sociology of leisure is closely tied to the sociology of work, as each explores a different side of the work–leisure relationship.
University of Bordeaux. David Émile Durkheim ( French: [emil dyʁkɛm] or [dyʁkajm]; 15 April 1858 – 15 November 1917), professionally known simply as Émile Durkheim, [ 1] was a French sociologist. Durkheim formally established the academic discipline of sociology and is commonly cited as one of the principal architects of modern social ...
Interdependence theory is a social exchange theory that states that interpersonal relationships are defined through interpersonal interdependence, which is "the process by which interacting people influence one another's experiences" [ 1] (Van Lange & Balliet, 2014, p. 65). The most basic principle of the theory is encapsulated in the equation ...
t. e. The division of labour is the separation of the tasks in any economic system or organisation so that participants may specialise ( specialisation ). Individuals, organisations, and nations are endowed with or acquire specialised capabilities, and either form combinations or trade to take advantage of the capabilities of others in addition ...