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Esquire. Gentleman, Gentlewoman. Ministerialis. Lord of the Manor. v. t. e. Thane ( / ˈθeɪn /; Scottish Gaelic: taidhn) [1] was the title given to a local royal official in medieval eastern Scotland, equivalent in rank to the son of an earl, [2] who was at the head of an administrative and socio-economic unit known as a thanedom or thanage.
Thegn. Ivory seal of Godwin, an unknown thegn – first half of eleventh century, British Museum. In later Anglo-Saxon England, a thegn ( pronounced / θeɪn /; Old English: þeġn) or thane [1] (or thayn in Shakespearean English) was an aristocrat who owned substantial land in one or more counties. Thanes ranked at the third level in lay ...
These texts give additional understanding on high medieval Scottish society, so long as inferences are kept conservative. The legal tract that has come down to us as the Laws of Brets and Scots, lists five grades of man: King, mormaer/earl, toísech/thane, ócthigern and serf. For pre-twelfth century Scotland, slaves are added to this category.
The Scottish Enlightenment ( Scots: Scots Enlichtenment, Scottish Gaelic: Soillseachadh na h-Alba) was the period in 18th- and early-19th-century Scotland characterised by an outpouring of intellectual and scientific accomplishments. By the eighteenth century, Scotland had a network of parish schools in the Scottish Lowlands and five universities.
Mormaer. In early medieval Scotland, a mormaer was the Gaelic name for a regional or provincial ruler, theoretically second only to the King of Scots, and the senior of a Toísech (chieftain). Mormaers were equivalent to English earls or Continental counts, and the term is often translated into English as 'earl'.
The first documented Scottish settlement in the Americas was of Nova Scotia in 1629. On 29 September 1621, the charter for the foundation of a colony was granted by James VI of Scotland to Sir William Alexander. [1] Between 1622 and 1628, Sir William launched four attempts to send colonists to Nova Scotia; all failed for various reasons.
The recorded history of Scotland begins with the arrival of the Roman Empire in the 1st century, when the province of Britannia reached as far north as the Antonine Wall. North of this was Caledonia, inhabited by the Picti, whose uprisings forced Rome's legions back to Hadrian's Wall. As Rome finally withdrew from Britain, a Gaelic tribe from ...
Edict of Thessalonica. The Edict of Thessalonica (also known as Cunctos populos ), issued on 27 February AD 380 by Theodosius I, made Nicene Christianity [note 1] the state church of the Roman Empire. [2] [3] [4] It condemned other Christian creeds such as Arianism as heresies of "foolish madmen," and authorized their punishment.