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As an antihistamine, doxylamine is an inverse agonist of the histamine H 1 receptor. As a first-generation antihistamine, it typically crosses the blood–brain barrier into the brain, thereby producing a suite of sedative and hypnotic effects that are mediated by the central nervous system. (N.b.:
Diphenhydramine ( DPH) is an antihistamine and sedative mainly used to treat allergies, insomnia, and symptoms of the common cold. It is also less commonly used for tremors in parkinsonism, and nausea. [ 11] It is taken by mouth, injected into a vein, injected into a muscle, or applied to the skin. [ 11]
Pyridoxine/doxylamine, sold under the brand name Diclectin among others, is a combination of pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B 6) and doxylamine succinate.It is generally used for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (morning sickness); even though its efficacy has not been proven and subsequent research has led to the removal of recommendations in medical journals.
Doxepin is a medication belonging to the tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) [ 10] class of drugs used to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, chronic hives, and insomnia. [ 10][ 11] For hives it is a less preferred alternative to antihistamines. [ 10] It has a mild to moderate benefit for sleeping problems. [ 12]
Somnifacient. Etizolam is a benzodiazepine somnifacient for treating insomnia. Somnifacient (from Latin somnus, sleep [1] ), also known as sedatives or sleeping pills, is a class of medications that induces sleep. It is mainly used for treatment of insomnia. Examples of somnifacients include benzodiazepines, barbiturates and antihistamines .
Chronic or excessive use of temazepam may cause drug tolerance, which can develop rapidly, [33] so this drug is not recommended for long-term use. [ 24 ] [ 34 ] In 1979, the Institute of Medicine (USA) and the National Institute on Drug Abuse stated that most hypnotics lose their sleep-inducing properties after about three to 14 days. [ 35 ]
Zolpidem is a nonbenzodiazepine or Z-drug which acts as a sedative and hypnotic. [ 10][ 17] Zolpidem is a GABA A receptor agonist of the imidazopyridine class. [ 10] It works by increasing GABA effects in the central nervous system by binding to GABA A receptors at the same location as benzodiazepines. [ 10]
The tables below contain a sample list of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine analogs that are commonly prescribed, with their basic pharmacological characteristics, such as half-life and equivalent doses to other benzodiazepines, also listed, along with their trade names and primary uses. The elimination half-life is how long it takes for half ...
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