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Pollice verso. Pollice Verso, an 1872 painting by Jean-Léon Gérôme (Phoenix Art Museum), was the subject of great debate regarding its historical accuracy. The Cavillargues medallion (c. AD 200) depicts the ēditor (games manager) showing a closed fist with wraparound thumb, meaning "spare him." Pollice verso or verso pollice ( Classical ...
Priscus (gladiator) Priscus (fl. late 1st century AD) was a Roman gladiator of Celtic origins. His combat with Verus was the highlighted entertainment of the opening day games sponsored by Titus to inaugurate the Flavian Amphitheatre in AD 80. It was recorded in a laudatory poem by Martial — Liber Spectaculorum is the only known detailed ...
Gladiator. Part of the Zliten mosaic from Libya (Leptis Magna), about 2nd century AD. It shows (left to right) a thraex fighting a murmillo, a hoplomachus standing with another murmillo (who is signaling his defeat to the referee), and one of a matched pair. A gladiator ( Latin: gladiator, "swordsman", from gladius, "sword") was an armed ...
There were many different types of gladiatorsin ancient Rome. Some of the first gladiators had been prisoners-of-war, and so some of the earliest types of gladiators were experienced fighters; Gauls, Samnites, and Thraeces(Thracians) used their native weapons and armor. Different gladiator types specialized in specific weapons and fighting ...
Spartacus ( Greek: Σπάρτακος, translit. Spártakos; Latin: Spartacus; c. 103–71 BC) was a Thracian gladiator ( Thraex) who was one of the escaped slave leaders in the Third Servile War, a major slave uprising against the Roman Republic . Historical accounts of his life come primarily from Plutarch and Appian, who wrote more than a ...
A white flag displayed during the Ottoman surrender of Jerusalem to the British on 9 December 1917. The white flag is an internationally recognized protective sign of truce or ceasefire, and for negotiation. It is also used to symbolize surrender, since it is often the weaker party that requests negotiation. It is also flown on ships serving as ...
The Ludus Magnus (lat.:Domus Vectiliana), also known as the Great Gladiatorial Training School, was the largest of the gladiatorial schools in Rome. It was built by the emperor Domitian (r. 81–96 C.E.) in the late first century C.E., alongside other building projects undertaken by him such as three other gladiatorial schools across the Roman Empire.
Theta nigrum. Retiarius vs Secutor, the two gladiators lying are dead, as signified by the theta nigrum. The theta nigrum ( lit. 'black theta ') or theta infelix ( lit. 'unlucky theta') is a symbol of death in Greek and Latin epigraphy. [1] Isidore of Seville notes the letter was appended after the name of a deceased soldier and finds of papyri ...