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Opposite (semantics) In lexical semantics, opposites are words lying in an inherently incompatible binary relationship. For example, something that is male entails that it is not female. It is referred to as a 'binary' relationship because there are two members in a set of opposites. The relationship between opposites is known as opposition.
For example, Chinese and Arabic are sometimes considered single languages, but each includes several mutually unintelligible varieties, and so they are sometimes considered language families instead. Conversely, colloquial registers of Hindi and Urdu are almost completely mutually intelligible, and are sometimes classified as one language ...
For the English speaker, a notable feature of the Hindustani consonants is that there is a four-way distinction of phonation among plosives, rather than the two-way distinction found in English. The phonations are: tenuis, as /p/, which is like p in English spin. voiced, as /b/, which is like b in English bin.
Hindustani distinguishes two genders (masculine and feminine), two noun types ( count and non-count), two numbers (singular and plural), and three cases ( nominative, oblique, and vocative ). [7] Nouns may be further divided into two classes based on declension, called type-I, type-II, and type-III. The basic difference between the two ...
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Hindustani ( Hindi and Urdu) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters . See Hindustani phonology, Devanagari ...
e. Hindi literature ( Hindi: हिन्दी साहित्य, hindī sāhitya) includes literature in the various Hindi languages which have different writing systems. Earliest forms of Hindi literature are attested in poetry of Apabhraṃśa like Awadhi, and Marwari languages. Hindi literature is composed in three broad styles ...
Hindustani (standardized Hindi and standardized Urdu) has been written in several different scripts. Most Hindi texts are written in the Devanagari script, which is derived from the Brāhmī script of Ancient India. Most Urdu texts are written in the Urdu alphabet, which comes from the Persian alphabet. Hindustani has been written in both scripts.
It is the official language of the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura and in Barak Valley of Assam. [52] [53] Bengali has been a second official language of the Indian state of Jharkhand since September 2011. In Pakistan, Bengali is a recognised secondary language in the city of Karachi [54] [55] [56] mainly spoken by stranded Bengalis of ...