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By convention, for magnifying glasses and optical microscopes, where the size of the object is a linear dimension and the apparent size is an angle, the magnification is the ratio between the apparent (angular) size as seen in the eyepiece and the angular size of the object when placed at the conventional closest distance of distinct vision: 25 ...
Angular resolution. A series of images representing the magnification of M87* with an angular size of some microarcseconds, comparable to viewing a tennis ball on the Moon (magnification from top left corner counter−clockwise to the top right corner). Angular resolution describes the ability of any image-forming device such as an optical or ...
(Angular magnification between nodal points is +1.) The nodal points therefore do for angles what the principal planes do for transverse distance. If the medium on both sides of an optical system is the same (e.g., air or vacuum), then the front and rear nodal points coincide with the front and rear principal points, respectively.
Refracting telescope. A 200 mm diameter refracting telescope at the Poznań Observatory. A refracting telescope (also called a refractor) is a type of optical telescope that uses a lens as its objective to form an image (also referred to a dioptric telescope ). The refracting telescope design was originally used in spyglasses and astronomical ...
But the angular magnification is 5, meaning that the object appears 5 times larger to the eye than without the lens. When taking a picture of the moon using a camera with a 50 mm lens, one is not concerned with the linear magnification M ≈ −50 mm / 380 000 km = −1.3 × 10 −10.
Eyepiece. A collection of different types of eyepieces. An eyepiece, or ocular lens, is a type of lens that is attached to a variety of optical devices such as telescopes and microscopes. It is named because it is usually the lens that is closest to the eye when someone looks through an optical device to observe an object or sample.
Lateral magnification m = ... Angular magnification m = ... Physics for Scientists and Engineers: With Modern Physics (6th ed.).
Gravitational lensing. In general relativity, a point mass deflects a light ray with impact parameter by an angle approximately equal to. where G is the gravitational constant, M the mass of the deflecting object and c the speed of light. A naive application of Newtonian gravity can yield exactly half this value, where the light ray is assumed ...