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Articaine. Articaine is a dental amide -type local anesthetic. It is the most widely used local anesthetic in a number of European countries [ 2] and is available in many countries. It is the only local anaesthetic to contain a thiophene ring, meaning it can be described as 'thiophenic'; this conveys lipid solubility.
The epinephrine causes vasoconstriction which in turn reduces systemic distribution of the anesthetic as well as prolongs its action in addition to decreasing bleeding at the operating site. Lidocaine 2% with 1:100,000 adrenaline is the local anesthetic of choice in the treatment of pregnant women. [28]
FDI World Dental Federation notation (also "FDI notation" or "ISO 3950 notation") is the world's most commonly used dental notation (tooth numbering system). [ 1][ 2] It is designated by the International Organization for Standardization as standard ISO 3950 "Dentistry — Designation system for teeth and areas of the oral cavity". [ 3]
Zone 1 classified location An area where ignitable concentrations of flammable gases, vapors or liquids are likely to exist under normal operating conditions. As a guide for Zone 1, this can be defined as 10–1000 hours per year or 0.1–10% of the time. [3] Class I, Division 2 or Zone 2 classified locations
epi-on, upon Greek ἐπι-(epi-), before, upon, on, outside, outside of epicardium, epidermis, epidural, episclera, epistaxis, epidemic episi(o)-of or pertaining to the pubic region, the loins Greek ἐπίσιον (epísion), the pubic area, loins; vulva episiotomy: erythr(o)-having a red color Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), red erythrocyte
Pulpitis is inflammation of dental pulp tissue. The pulp contains the blood vessels, the nerves, and connective tissue inside a tooth and provides the tooth's blood and nutrients. Pulpitis is mainly caused by bacterial infection which itself is a secondary development of caries (tooth decay). It manifests itself in the form of a toothache. [1]
Current Dental Terminology. Current Dental Terminology ( CDT) is a code set with descriptive terms developed and updated by the American Dental Association (ADA) for reporting dental services and procedures to dental benefits plans. [1] [2] [3] Prior to 2010 many of the codes were published by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) as ...
Atraumatic restorative treatment ( ART) [ 1] is a method for cleaning out tooth decay (dental caries) from teeth using only hand instruments (dental hatchet and spoon-excavator) and placing a filling. It does not use rotary dental instruments ( dental drills) to prepare the tooth and can be performed in settings with no access to dental equipment.