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Retail is the sale of goods and services to consumers, in contrast to wholesaling, which is sale to business or institutional customers. A retailer purchases goods in large quantities from manufacturers, directly or through a wholesaler, and then sells in smaller quantities to consumers for a profit. Retailers are the final link in the supply ...
A retail mix is devised for the purpose of coordinating day-to-day tactical decisions. The retail marketing mix typically consists of six broad decision layers including product decisions, place decisions, promotion, price, personnel and presentation (also known as physical evidence). The retail mix is loosely based on the marketing mix, but ...
The history of retail encompasses the sale of goods and services to consumers across all cultures and time periods from ancient history to the present. [ 1] Commerce first took the form of bargaining between early human civilizations. Beginning with Middle Eastern towns in the 7th millennium BCE, retail markets emerged when civilizations ...
Publishing is the activity of making information, literature, music, software, and other content available to the public for sale or for free. [ 1] Traditionally, the term refers to the creation and distribution of printed works, such as books, comic books, newspapers, and magazines. With the advent of digital information systems, the scope has ...
Business studies, often simply called business, is a field of study that deals with the principles of business, management, and economics. [ 1] It combines elements of accountancy, finance, marketing, organizational studies, human resource management, and operations. Business studies is a broad subject, [ 2] where the range of topics is ...
Bookselling is the commercial trading of books which is the retail and distribution end of the publishing process. [ 1] People who engage in bookselling are called booksellers, bookdealers, bookpeople, bookmen, or bookwomen. The founding of libraries in c. 300 BC stimulated the energies of the Athenian booksellers.
Marketing. Marketing research is the systematic gathering, recording, and analysis of qualitative and quantitative data about issues relating to marketing products and services. The goal is to identify and assess how changing elements of the marketing mix impacts customer behavior . This involves specifying the data required to address these ...
v. t. e. In economics, a market is a composition of systems, institutions, procedures, social relations or infrastructures whereby parties engage in exchange. While parties may exchange goods and services by barter, most markets rely on sellers offering their goods or services (including labour power) to buyers in exchange for money.