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Below is a cladogram with some of the extinct simian species with the more modern species emerging within the Eosimiidae. The simians originated in Asia, while the crown simians were in Afro-Arabia. [12] [13] [5] [14] [7] [15] It is indicated approximately how many Mya the clades diverged into newer clades.
Below is a cladogram with some extinct monkey families. [48] [49] [50] Generally, extinct non-hominoid simians, including early catarrhines are discussed as monkeys as well as simians or anthropoids, [41] [9] [42] which cladistically means that Hominoidea are monkeys as well, restoring monkeys as a single grouping. It is indicated approximately ...
Primates is an order of mammals, which is further divided into the strepsirrhines, which include lemurs, galagos, and lorisids; and the haplorhines, which include tarsiers; and the simians, which include monkeys and apes. Primates arose 85–55 million years ago first from small terrestrial mammals, which adapted for life in tropical forests ...
Evolution of primates. Phylogenetic tree of the primates. Notharctus. The evolutionary history of the primates can be traced back 57-90 million years. [ 1] One of the oldest known primate-like mammal species, Plesiadapis, came from North America; [ 2] another, Archicebus, came from China. [ 3] Other similar basal primates were widespread in ...
Ape. Apes (collectively Hominoidea / hɒmɪˈnɔɪdi.ə /) are a clade of Old World simians native to sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia (though they were more widespread in Africa, most of Asia, and Europe in prehistory), which together with its sister group Cercopithecidae form the catarrhine clade, cladistically making them monkeys.
Cladistics. Cladistics ( / kləˈdɪstɪks / klə-DISS-tiks; from Ancient Greek κλάδος (kládos) 'branch') [ 1] is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived ...
A cladogram of the primates, showing a monophyletic taxon: the simians (in yellow); a paraphyletic taxon: the prosimians (in cyan, including the red patch); and a polyphyletic group: the night-active primates, i.e., the lorises and the tarsiers (in red). A cladogram of the vertebrates showing phylogenetic groups.
The term polyphyly, or polyphyletic, derives from the two Ancient Greek words πολύς ( polús) 'many, a lot of', and φῦλον ( phûlon) 'genus, species', [ 8][ 9] and refers to the fact that a polyphyletic group includes organisms (e.g., genera, species) arising from multiple ancestral sources. Conversely, the term monophyly, or ...