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Crime prevention is the attempt to reduce and deter crime and criminals. It is applied specifically to efforts made by governments to reduce crime, enforce the law, and maintain criminal justice . Studies [ edit ]
Natural surveillance is a term used in crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) models for crime prevention. These models rely on the ability to influence offender decisions preceding criminal acts. Research into criminal behavior demonstrates that the decision to offend or not to offend is more influenced by cues to the perceived ...
Rational choice theory (criminology) In criminology, rational choice theory adopts a utilitarian belief that humans are reasoning actors who weigh means and ends, costs and benefits, in order to make a rational choice. This method was designed by Cornish and Clarke to assist in thinking about situational crime prevention. [1]
Crime contagion models relate to the idea, of whether crime is contagious. [1] Contagion models predict a positive relationship between neighborhood violent crime rates and the propensity of moving to opportunity ( MTO) participants to engage in violent crime. [2] The notion of crime spreading across surrounding environments feeds on the idea ...
Preventive healthcare, or prophylaxis, is the application of healthcare measures to prevent diseases. [1] Disease and disability are affected by environmental factors, genetic predisposition, disease agents, and lifestyle choices, and are dynamic processes that begin before individuals realize they are affected.
Community crime prevention relates to interventions designed to bring reform to the social conditions that influence, and encourage, offending in residential communities. Community crime prevention has a focus on both the social and local institutions found within communities which can influence crime rates, specifically juvenile delinquency. [1]
Concept. While crime is partially a social and environmental problem, the main idea behind neurocriminology (also known as neurolaw) is that the condition of an individual's brain often needs to be included in the analysis for a complete understanding. [1] [2] This can include conditions such as brain tumors, psychoses, sociopathy, sleepwalking ...
Lawrence W. Sherman (born October 25, 1949) is an experimental criminologist and police educator who is the founder of evidence-based policing.Since 2022 he has served as Chief Scientific Officer of the Metropolitan Police at Scotland Yard , as well as Wolfson Professor of Criminology Emeritus at the University of Cambridge Institute of Criminology .