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The Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre ( CAFC; formerly known as PhoneBusters National Call Centre) is Canada 's national anti-fraud call centre and central fraud data repository. [1] It was established in January 1993 in North Bay, Ontario, and is jointly operated by the Ontario Provincial Police, Royal Canadian Mounted Police and the Competition Bureau.
Mail fraud was first defined in the United States in 1872. 18 U.S.C. § 1341 provides: Whoever, having devised or intending to devise any scheme or artifice to defraud, or for obtaining money or property by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations, or promises, or to sell, dispose of, loan, exchange, alter, give away, distribute, supply, or furnish or procure for unlawful use ...
In marketing, a coupon is a ticket or document that can be redeemed for a financial discount or rebate when purchasing a product . Customarily, coupons are issued by manufacturers of consumer packaged goods [1] or by retailers, to be used in retail stores as a part of sales promotions. They are often widely distributed through mail, coupon ...
McNally v. United States, 483 U.S. 350 (1987), was a case in which the United States Supreme Court decided that the federal statute criminalizing mail fraud applied only to the schemes and artifices defrauding victims of money or property, as opposed to those defrauding citizens of their rights to good government.
t. e. Corruption is an increasing issue across Canada. On Transparency International 's 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index, Canada scored 76 on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("very clean"). When ranked by score, Canada ranked 12th among the 180 countries in the Index, where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest ...
The Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009, or FERA, Pub. L. 111–21 (text) (PDF), S. 386, 123 Stat. 1617, enacted May 20, 2009, is a public law in the United States enacted in 2009. The law enhanced criminal enforcement of federal fraud laws, especially regarding financial institutions, mortgage fraud, and securities fraud or commodities ...
18 U.S.C. § 1030 (a) (5) (A) United States v. Morris was an appeal of the conviction of Robert Tappan Morris for creating and releasing the Morris worm, one of the first Internet-based worms. This case resulted in the first conviction under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. In the process, the dispute clarified much of the language used in the ...
Canada–United States relations. Canada's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its history, economy, and culture. [1] The two countries consider themselves among the "closest [of] allies". [2] They share the longest border (8,891 km (5,525 mi)) between any two nations in the world, [3] and also ...