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Advanced glycation end products ( AGEs) are proteins or lipids that become glycated as a result of exposure to sugars. [ 1] They are a bio-marker implicated in aging and the development, or worsening, of many degenerative diseases, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, and Alzheimer's disease. [ 2]
The global mean fasting plasma blood glucose level in humans is about 5.5 mmol/L (100 mg/dL); [11] [5] however, this level fluctuates throughout the day. Blood sugar levels for those without diabetes and who are not fasting should be below 6.9 mmol/L (125 mg/dL).
Blood sugar regulation is the process by which the levels of blood sugar, the common name for glucose dissolved in blood plasma, are maintained by the body within a narrow range. The regulation of glucose levels through Homeostasis. This tight regulation is referred to as glucose homeostasis. Insulin, which lowers blood sugar, and glucagon ...
Therefore, the glucose range in someone with diabetes may vary. "If you have diabetes, your blood sugar level is too high when it's above 126 mg/dL and too low when it's below 100 mg/dL," Dr. Ali ...
Glycated hemoglobin. Glycated hemoglobin, glycohemoglobin, glycosylated hemoglobin is a form of hemoglobin (Hb) that is chemically linked to a sugar. Several types of glycated hemoglobin measures exist, of which HbA1c, or simply A1c, is a standard single test. [ 1] Most monosaccharides, including glucose, galactose, and fructose, spontaneously ...
Because the reaction is slow, the Hb A 1c proportion represents glucose level in blood averaged over the half-life of red blood cells, is typically ~120 days. An Hb A 1c proportion of 6.0% or less show good long-term glucose control, while values above 7.0% are elevated.
Hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia is a fall in blood sugar to levels below normal. [ 8] This may result in a variety of symptoms including clumsiness, trouble talking, confusion, loss of consciousness, seizures or death. [ 8] A feeling of hunger, sweating, shakiness and weakness may also be present. [ 8] Symptoms typically come on quickly.
Endocrinology. Complications of diabetes are secondary diseases that are a result of elevated blood glucose levels that occur in diabetic patients. These complications can be divided into two types: acute and chronic. Acute complications are complications that develop rapidly and can be exemplified as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperglycemic ...