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The physical proximity doctrine is a standard in criminal law for distinguishing between preparation and attempt. [1] : 683 "Physical" refers to the physical element of a criminal act ( actus reus ), as distinguished from the mental element of a guilty mind ( mens rea ). When a person makes preparation to commit a crime, and one of the ...
Proximity principle. Within the realm of social psychology, the proximity principle accounts for the tendency for individuals to form interpersonal relations with those who are close by. Theodore Newcomb first documented this effect through his study of the acquaintance process, which demonstrated how people who interact and live close to each ...
Routine activity theory is a sub-field of crime opportunity theory that focuses on situations of crimes. It was first proposed by Marcus Felson and Lawrence E. Cohen in their explanation of crime rate changes in the United States between 1947 and 1974. [1] The theory has been extensively applied and has become one of the most cited theories in ...
The dangerous proximity doctrine is an American standard for distinguishing between preparation and attempt in a criminal case. [1] : 683 Under this standard, evidence that preparatory acts are an actual attempt is considered to be stronger if the offense is more probable and more grave or serious; if the defendant is nearer to completing the ...
Proximate cause is a key principle of insurance and is concerned with how the loss or damage actually occurred. There are several competing theories of proximate cause (see Other factors ). For an act to be deemed to cause a harm, both tests must be met; proximate cause is a legal limitation on cause-in-fact. The formal Latin term for "but for ...
Definition. In the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention (also known as the "Ottawa Treaty") and the "Protocol on Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices", a mine is defined as a "munition designed to be placed under, on or near the ground or other surface area and to be exploded by the presence, proximity or contact of a person or vehicle".
Stoning. Tyrannicide. War crime. v. t. e. Mass murder is the violent crime of killing a number of people, typically simultaneously or over a relatively short period of time and in close geographic proximity. [1] [2] A mass murder typically occurs in a single location where one or more persons kill several others.
Proximity analysis is a class of spatial analysis tools and algorithms that employ geographic distance as a central principle. Distance is fundamental to geographic inquiry and spatial analysis, due to principles such as the friction of distance, Tobler's first law of geography, and Spatial autocorrelation, which are incorporated into analytical tools.